Estimates from the Office for National Statistics survey suggest that around 400,000 people in the UK would test positive for coronavirus in the week to 3 July, up from 257,000 people the previous week.
This is 0.6% of the population, or one in 160 people. The ONS says that in the week ending 3 July, the percentage of people testing positive increased in every nation of the UK.
The last time rates were this high was the third week of February.
Pfizer and partner BioNTech plan to seek authorisation for a third booster dose of coronavirus vaccine in Europe, the US and Asia. The move comes as the highly-contagious Delta variant drives infection surges around the world.
Pfizer said a study from Israel showed that the effectiveness of its vaccine against symptomatic disease declined approximately six months after people were fully vaccinated.
The biopharmaceutical company's chief scientific officer, Mikael Dolsten, said the recently reported dip was mostly due to infections in people who had been vaccinated in January or February, according to Reuters.
The news agency also reported the country's health ministry as saying vaccine effectiveness in preventing both infection and symptomatic disease fell to 64% in June.
The World Health Organization has said there was limited data on the length of protection offered by current vaccines.
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